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- *******************************
- * 'Homeobox' domain signature *
- *******************************
-
- The 'homeobox' is a protein domain of 60 amino acids [1 to 5] first identified
- in a number of Drosophila homeotic and segmentation proteins. It has since
- been found to be extremely well conserved in many other animals, including
- vertebrates. This domain binds DNA through a helix-turn-helix type of
- structure. Proteins which contain a homeobox domain are likely to play an
- important role in development. Most of these proteins are known to be
- sequence specific DNA-binding transcription factors. The homeobox domain has
- also been found to be very similar to a region of the yeast mating type
- proteins. These are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that act as master
- switches in yeast differentiation by controlling gene expression in a cell
- type-specific fashion.
-
- A schematic representation of the homeobox domain is shown below. The
- helix-turn-helix region is shown by the symbols 'H' (for helix), and 't' (for
- turn).
-
- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxHHHHHHHHtttHHHHHHHHHxxxxxxxxxx
- | | | | | | |
- 1 10 20 30 40 50 60
-
- The pattern we developed to detect homeobox sequences is 24 residues long and
- spans positions 34 to 57 of the homeobox domain.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIVMFY]-x(5)-[LIVM]-x(4)-[IV]-[RKQTA]-x-W-x(8)-[RK]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for Drosophila om(1d), maize knotted-1, Xenopus goosecoid and for liver
- specific transcription factor LF-B1 (HNF1-alpha and -beta) which has a very
- atypical homeobox domain.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 23.
-
- -Note: a majority of the proteins which contain a homeobox domain can be
- classified, on the basis of their sequence characteristics, in 3 subfamilies:
- antennapedia, engrailed and paired. We have developed specific patterns that
- characterize these subfamilies. We also have a specific pattern for the
- homeobox proteins that contain a 'POU' domain.
-
- -Last update: October 1993 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Gehring W.J.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 17:277-280(1992).
- [ 2] Gehring W.J.
- Science 236:1245-1252(1987).
- [ 3] Scott M.P., Tamkun J.W., Hartzell G.W. III
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 989:25-48(1989).
- [ 4] Gehring W.J., Hiromi Y.
- Annu. Rev. Genet. 20:147-173(1986).
- [ 5] Schofield P.N.
- Trends Neurosci. 10:3-6(1987).
-